In the near future, all you need to do for a health check-up is to swallow a pill.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a digestible sensor that once consumed, can report back on vital signs and internal adherence to medicine.
Called the Ingestion Event Market system, the pill has a small, tiny transmitter the size of a sand grain, and gathers power from stomach fluid. The transmitter will send signals to a patch worn on the stomach, which collates all information and sends it to a smartphone application.
Information that can be collected includes heart rate, body position, and activity. Eventually, the sensor makes its way out of the body and into the toilet.
It was approved for use in Europe in 2011.
You can get more info here.